I'm a proud Aryan. My parents are my God! My religion is humanity! The Sanatana!
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Voyager: The Golden Record
It’s the 1970s, and we’re about to send two spacecraft (Voyager 1 & 2) into space. These two spacecraft will eventually leave our solar system and become the most distant man-made objects…ever. How can we leave our mark on them in the case that other spacefarers find them in the distant future?
The Golden Record.
We placed an ambitious message aboard Voyager 1 and 2, a kind of time capsule, intended to communicate a story of our world to extraterrestrials. The Voyager message is carried by a phonograph record, a 12-inch gold-plated copper disk containing sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth.
The Golden Record Cover
The outward facing cover of the golden record carries instructions in case it is ever found. Detailing to its discoverers how to decipher its meaning.
In the upper left-hand corner is an easily recognized drawing of the phonograph record and the stylus carried with it. The stylus is in the correct position to play the record from the beginning. Written around it in binary arithmetic is the correct time of one rotation of the record. The drawing indicates that the record should be played from the outside in.
The information in the upper right-hand portion of the cover is designed to show how the pictures contained on the record are to be constructed from the recorded signals. The top drawing shows the typical signal that occurs at the start of the picture. The picture is made from this signal, which traces the picture as a series of vertical lines, similar to ordinary television. Immediately below shows how these lines are to be drawn vertically, with staggered “interlace” to give the correct picture rendition. Below that is a drawing of an entire picture raster, showing that there are 52 vertical lines in a complete picture.
Immediately below this is a replica of the first picture on the record to permit the recipients to verify that they are decoding the signals correctly. A circle was used in this picture to ensure that the recipients use the correct ratio of horizontal to vertical height in picture reconstruction.
The drawing in the lower left-hand corner of the cover is the pulsar map previously sent as part of the plaques on Pioneers 10 and 11. It shows the location of the solar system with respect to 14 pulsars, whose precise periods are given.
The drawing containing two circles in the lower right-hand corner is a drawing of the hydrogen atom in its two lowest states, with a connecting line and digit 1 to indicate that the time interval associated with the transition from one state to the other is to be used as the fundamental time scale, both for the time given on the cover and in the decoded pictures.
The Contents
The contents of the record were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University and his associates.
They assembled 115 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind and thunder, birds, whales and other animals. To this, they added musical selections from different cultures and eras, and spoken greetings from Earth-people in fifty-five languages, and printed messages from President Carter and U.N. Secretary General Waldheim.
Listen to some of the sounds of the Golden Record on our Soundcloud page:
Golden Record: Greetings to the Universe
Golden Record: Sounds of Earth
Songs from Chuck Berry’s “Johnny B. Goode,” to Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony are included on the golden record. For a complete list of songs, visit: https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/whats-on-the-record/music/
The 115 images included on the record, encoded in analog form, range from mathematical definitions to humans from around the globe. See the images here: https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/whats-on-the-record/images/
Making the Golden Record
Many people were instrumental in the design, development and manufacturing of the golden record.
Blank records were provided by the Pyral S.A. of Creteil, France. CBS Records contracted the JVC Cutting Center in Boulder, CO to cut the lacquer masters which were then sent to the James G. Lee Record Processing center in Gardena, CA to cut and gold plate eight Voyager records.
The record is constructed of gold-plated copper and is 12 inches in diameter. The record’s cover is aluminum and electroplated upon it is an ultra-pure sample of the isotope uranium-238. Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.468 billion years.
Learn more about the golden record HERE.
Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com
The land of ARYANs!
Bastei Bridge, Germany @
Voyager: The Spacecraft
The twin Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft are exploring where nothing from Earth has flown before. Continuing their more-than-40-year journey since their 1977 launches, they each are much farther away from Earth and the Sun than Pluto.
The primary mission was the exploration of Jupiter and Saturn. After making a string of discoveries there – such as active volcanoes on Jupiter’s moon Io and intricacies of Saturn’s rings – the mission was extended.
Voyager 2 went on to explore Uranus and Neptune, and is still the only spacecraft to have visited those outer planets. The adventurers’ current mission, the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM), will explore the outermost edge of the Sun’s domain. And beyond.
Spacecraft Instruments
‘BUS’ Housing Electronics
The basic structure of the spacecraft is called the “bus,” which carries the various engineering subsystems and scientific instruments. It is like a large ten-sided box. Each of the ten sides of the bus contains a compartment (a bay) that houses various electronic assemblies.
Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS)
The Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS) looks only for very energetic particles in plasma, and has the highest sensitivity of the three particle detectors on the spacecraft. Very energetic particles can often be found in the intense radiation fields surrounding some planets (like Jupiter). Particles with the highest-known energies come from other stars. The CRS looks for both.
High-Gain Antenna (HGA)
The High-Gain Antenna (HGA) transmits data to Earth on two frequency channels (the downlink). One at about 8.4 gigahertz, is the X-band channel and contains science and engineering data. For comparison, the FM radio band is centered around 100 megahertz.
Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS)
The Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) is a modified version of the slow scan vidicon camera designed that were used in the earlier Mariner flights. The ISS consists of two television-type cameras, each with eight filters in a commandable Filter Wheel mounted in front of the vidicons. One has a low resolution 200 mm wide-angle lens, while the other uses a higher resolution 1500 mm narrow-angle lens.
Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer and Radiometer (IRIS)
The Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer and Radiometer (IRIS) actually acts as three separate instruments. First, it is a very sophisticated thermometer. It can determine the distribution of heat energy a body is emitting, allowing scientists to determine the temperature of that body or substance.
Second, the IRIS is a device that can determine when certain types of elements or compounds are present in an atmosphere or on a surface.
Third, it uses a separate radiometer to measure the total amount of sunlight reflected by a body at ultraviolet, visible and infrared frequencies.
Low-Energy Charged Particles (LECP)
The Low-Energy Charged Particles (LECP) looks for particles of higher energy than the Plasma Science instrument, and it overlaps with the Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS). It has the broadest energy range of the three sets of particle sensors.
The LECP can be imagined as a piece of wood, with the particles of interest playing the role of the bullets. The faster a bullet moves, the deeper it will penetrate the wood. Thus, the depth of penetration measures the speed of the particles. The number of “bullet holes” over time indicates how many particles there are in various places in the solar wind, and at the various outer planets. The orientation of the wood indicates the direction from which the particles came.
Magnetometer (MAG)
Although the Magnetometer (MAG) can detect some of the effects of the solar wind on the outer planets and moons, its primary job is to measure changes in the Sun’s magnetic field with distance and time, to determine if each of the outer planets has a magnetic field, and how the moons and rings of the outer planets interact with those magnetic fields.
Optical Calibration Target The target plate is a flat rectangle of known color and brightness, fixed to the spacecraft so the instruments on the movable scan platform (cameras, infrared instrument, etc.) can point to a predictable target for calibration purposes.
Photopolarimeter Subsystem (PPS)
The Photopolarimeter Subsystem (PPS) uses a 0.2 m telescope fitted with filters and polarization analyzers. The experiment is designed to determine the physical properties of particulate matter in the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn and the rings of Saturn by measuring the intensity and linear polarization of scattered sunlight at eight wavelengths.
The experiment also provided information on the texture and probable composition of the surfaces of the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn.
Planetary Radio Astronomy (PRA) and Plasma Wave Subsystem (PWS)
Two separate experiments, The Plasma Wave Subsystem and the Planetary Radio Astronomy experiment, share the two long antennas which stretch at right-angles to one another, forming a “V”.
Plasma Science (PLS)
The Plasma Science (PLS) instrument looks for the lowest-energy particles in plasma. It also has the ability to look for particles moving at particular speeds and, to a limited extent, to determine the direction from which they come.
The Plasma Subsystem studies the properties of very hot ionized gases that exist in interplanetary regions. One plasma detector points in the direction of the Earth and the other points at a right angle to the first.
Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTG)
Three RTG units, electrically parallel-connected, are the central power sources for the mission module. The RTGs are mounted in tandem (end-to-end) on a deployable boom. The heat source radioisotopic fuel is Plutonium-238 in the form of the oxide Pu02. In the isotopic decay process, alpha particles are released which bombard the inner surface of the container. The energy released is converted to heat and is the source of heat to the thermoelectric converter.
Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS)
The Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) is a very specialized type of light meter that is sensitive to ultraviolet light. It determines when certain atoms or ions are present, or when certain physical processes are going on.
The instrument looks for specific colors of ultraviolet light that certain elements and compounds are known to emit.
Learn more about the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft HERE.
Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com
Shaadi celebration in the village!
the best way to reduce insomnia is sex frequently, if you're single then masturbate yourself but best way is to intercourse regularly.
SHAMBHO SHANKARA NAMAH SIVAY (A Tribute to Lord Shiva - Rajat Prakash) 🍁
Ram Rahim, chief of Dera Sacha Sauda, convicted of rape; to be taken to Rohtak jail...
Hindustan Times: Cults such as Ram Rahim's must not be allowed to become such a public nuisance.
Listen to the song 'Herr Mannelig' on Saavn at
ISRO is the best growing space research organisation and NASA is the pre-established organisation.
Eclipse Across America
August 21, 2017, the United States experienced a solar eclipse!
An eclipse occurs when the Moon temporarily blocks the light from the Sun. Within the narrow, 60- to 70-mile-wide band stretching from Oregon to South Carolina called the path of totality, the Moon completely blocked out the Sun’s face; elsewhere in North America, the Moon covered only a part of the star, leaving a crescent-shaped Sun visible in the sky.
During this exciting event, we were collecting your images and reactions online.
Here are a few images of this celestial event…take a look:
This composite image, made from 4 frames, shows the International Space Station, with a crew of six onboard, as it transits the Sun at roughly five miles per second during a partial solar eclipse from, Northern Cascades National Park in Washington. Onboard as part of Expedition 52 are: NASA astronauts Peggy Whitson, Jack Fischer, and Randy Bresnik; Russian cosmonauts Fyodor Yurchikhin and Sergey Ryazanskiy; and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Paolo Nespoli.
Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls
The Bailey’s Beads effect is seen as the moon makes its final move over the sun during the total solar eclipse on Monday, August 21, 2017 above Madras, Oregon.
Credit: NASA/Aubrey Gemignani
This image from one of our Twitter followers shows the eclipse through tree leaves as crescent shaped shadows from Seattle, WA.
Credit: Logan Johnson
“The eclipse in the palm of my hand”. The eclipse is seen here through an indirect method, known as a pinhole projector, by one of our followers on social media from Arlington, TX.
Credit: Mark Schnyder
Through the lens on a pair of solar filter glasses, a social media follower captures the partial eclipse from Norridgewock, ME.
Credit: Mikayla Chase
While most of us watched the eclipse from Earth, six humans had the opportunity to view the event from 250 miles above on the International Space Station. European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Paolo Nespoli captured this image of the Moon’s shadow crossing America.
Credit: Paolo Nespoli
This composite image shows the progression of a partial solar eclipse over Ross Lake, in Northern Cascades National Park, Washington. The beautiful series of the partially eclipsed sun shows the full spectrum of the event.
Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls
In this video captured at 1,500 frames per second with a high-speed camera, the International Space Station, with a crew of six onboard, is seen in silhouette as it transits the sun at roughly five miles per second during a partial solar eclipse, Monday, Aug. 21, 2017 near Banner, Wyoming.
Credit: NASA/Joel Kowsky
To see more images from our NASA photographers, visit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasahqphoto/albums/72157685363271303
Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com
Alan Walker - Alone (Lyrics)【1 Hour Version】
must watch! and aware
Bhagat singh Amar rahe! Chandrasekhar azad Amar rahe, Raj guru Amar rahe, Sukhdevji Amar rahe! Bharat mata ki Jay!
Hm rahe ya na rhe kl! !!!
MATHMATICS is not a science only it's a language of our UNIVERSE that is coded with MATHMATICAL language.
The new era of transportation is coming@BackToTheFuture#TheFlyingCar
Mathematics is the queen of Sciences
fot by atsushi kuba Via Flickr: 2000
तुम धन्य हो वर्षा रानी, मृत्प्रायों को देती पानी जग में तुम खुशहाली लाती, खेतों में हरियाली लाती………… संग अनेक सहेली लाती, तपते जग में शीतलता लाती नए-नए तुम फूल खिलाती, जंगल में भी मंगल लाती………… तुम जग की रक्षा करती, तुम बिन कौन हमें दे पानी अन्नदात्री है तू ही रानी, तुम धन्य हो वर्षा रानी………… जब तुम कृपा करती हो रानी, जग में भर जाता है पानी तुम पर हीं अरमान हमारा, तुम पर हीं है प्राण हमारा………… बस इसलिए तो हम तेरी करते हैं आगवानी, चाहे राजा हो या रानी सब मर जाएँ बिन पानी, पशु हों, पक्षी या मानव सबका हीं जीवन है पानी………… तुम जब जाती हो रानी, तो रो पड़ते हैं सब प्राणी यह सत्य है करुण कहानी, तुम यहीं रहो मनमानी………… तब हम भी सुखी रहेंगे, नव जीवन प्राप्त करेंगे तुम धन्य हो वर्षा रानी, मृत्प्रायों को देती पानी…………
Rain is not only a boon of heaven bt also a love sending by sky to their lovely and green earth#SaveEarth#HaveSomeRain
Sat-ya-m-ev ja-ya-te!