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No. 442

A new geometric design every day

my everlasting hunger for obtaining knowledge will never subside. my mind will forever be a bundled mess of complex messages ending with a simple question mark.

The 'witch' who protected a village from genocide

Zura Karuhimbi had only her wits to protect the people she hid during the Rwandan genocide.

This s the obituary of Zura Karuhimbi, who may have been over 100 years old when she died and protected hundreds of people during the Rwandan genocide. 

She did it by pretending to have magic powers. 

Picture with me for a moment the sheer gall necessary to do this. An old woman, living alone, stuffs her tiny house with people running from militias. And when the militias show up at her door covers herself with irritating plants, so that when the militia try to manhandle her it ‘burns’ and proves her powers. 

We’ve lost a legend.

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ESO’s La Silla Observatory over the night sky

Image credit: ESO

being honest with each other is underrated …. honesty brings about meaningful connections and lessens the feeling of alienation ….. thinking that we have to present the best versions of ourselves at all times is a result of living in a capitalist society that reduces us to our most “admirable” traits and not the whole spectrum of feeling which is what unites us all as human beings …..

Remember the Women Who Made #Apollo50th Possible

As the world celebrates the 50th anniversary of the historic Moon landing, we remember some of the women whose hard work and ingenuity made it possible. The women featured here represent just a small fraction of the enormous contributions made by women during the Apollo era. 

Margaret Hamilton, Computer Programmer

Margaret Hamilton led the team that developed the building blocks of software engineering — a term that she coined herself. Her systems approach to the Apollo software development and insistence on rigorous testing was critical to the success of Apollo. In fact, the Apollo guidance software was so robust that no software bugs were found on any crewed Apollo missions, and it was adapted for use in Skylab, the Space Shuttle and the first digital fly-by-wire systems in aircraft.

In this photo, Hamilton stands next to a stack of Apollo Guidance Computer source code. As she noted, “There was no second chance. We all knew that.”

Katherine Johnson, Aerospace Technologist

As a very young girl, Katherine Johnson loved to count things. She counted everything, from the number of steps she took to get to the road to the number of forks and plates she washed when doing the dishes.

As an adult, Johnson became a “human computer” for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which in 1958, became NASA. Her calculations were crucial to syncing Apollo’s Lunar Lander with the Moon-orbiting Command and Service Module. “I went to work every day for 33 years happy. Never did I get up and say I don’t want to go to work.“

Judy Sullivan, Biomedical Engineer

This fabulous flip belongs to biomedical engineer Judy Sullivan, who monitored the vital signs of the Apollo 11 astronauts throughout their spaceflight training via small sensors attached to their bodies. On July 16, 1969, she was the only woman in the suit lab as the team helped Neil Armstrong suit up for launch.

Sullivan appeared on the game show “To Tell the Truth,” in which a celebrity panel had to guess which of the female contestants was a biomedical engineer. Her choice to wear a short, ruffled skirt stumped everyone and won her a $500 prize. In this photo, Sullivan monitors a console during a training exercise for the first lunar landing mission.

Billie Robertson, Mathematician

Billie Robertson, pictured here in 1972 running a real-time go-no-go simulation for the Apollo 17 mission, originally intended to become a math teacher. Instead, she worked with the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, which later became rolled into NASA. She created the manual for running computer models that were used to simulate launches for the Apollo, Skylab and Apollo Soyuz Test Project programs. 

Robertson regularly visited local schools over the course of her career, empowering young women to pursue careers in STEM and aerospace.

Mary Jackson, Aeronautical Engineer

In 1958, Mary Jackson became NASA’s first African-American female engineer. Her engineering specialty was the extremely complex field of boundary layer effects on aerospace vehicles at supersonic speeds.

In the 1970s, Jackson helped the students at Hampton’s King Street Community center build their own wind tunnel and use it to conduct experiments. “We have to do something like this to get them interested in science,” she said for the local newspaper. “Sometimes they are not aware of the number of black scientists, and don’t even know of the career opportunities until it is too late.”

Ethel Heinecke Bauer, Aerospace Engineer

After watching the launch of Sputnik in October 1957, Ethel Heinecke Bauer changed her major to mathematics. Over her 32 years at NASA, she worked at two different centers in mathematics, aerospace engineering, development and more. 

Bauer planned the lunar trajectories for the Apollo program including the ‘free return’ trajectory which allowed for a safe return in the event of a systems failure  — a trajectory used on Apollo 13, as well as the first three Apollo flights to the Moon. In the above photo, Bauer works on trajectories with the help of an orbital model.

Follow Women@NASA for more stories like this one, and make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.

“Do you want to talk about it or be distracted from it” is honestly the best thing you can say to me when I say im sad/in pain etc.

People say, don’t give up on your dreams. But sometimes that’s unavoidable. Life throws you the equivalent of an Olympic sharpshooter losing their hands in a tragic beer pong accident every once in a while, and you can’t change that. And sometimes, you just find out your dreams weren’t all that good of an idea in the first place. My dream was always to work in academia and teach medieval literature, and even if everything had gone one hundred percent right for the last decade, I probably still wouldn’t be doing that right now. The job market is… tough in the humanities. It is tougher still if you are interested in something as deeply unfashionable as Old English. But even if that wasn’t the case–well, life comes at you with a sharp knife and it can peel your dreams away one by one, and leave a lot of raw flesh behind.

I am stubborn by nature. I don’t like to give up on the things I want. And just because your future isn’t shaped how you’d like it to be doesn’t mean you have to surrender it forever. What I am struggling to learn, to really internalize, is that there is a big, big difference between giving up on your dreams and giving up on your values. Just because you can’t be an astronaut doesn’t mean you can’t be an astronomer. Just because you can’t fight dragons doesn’t mean you can’t save lives. Identifying what values your aspirations fulfill, and figuring out other ways of achieving that fulfillment is really important.

I’m struggling a lot right now with understanding who I am and what I really want my life to look like. It feels a lot like failure. What I value hasn’t changed, though. I have not surrendered that, and I never will. Perhaps that just means that, when it comes, success will look a little different than I thought it would when I was younger.