What if... what if I WANT an info dump???
Then you're my favorite and I will dump SO much info on natrocarbonatite lava
No one knows for sure why or how this type of lava forms. Oldoinyo Lengai is the only volcano on earth that actively erupts it currently, and Oldoinyo Lengai hasn't been extensively studied.
The factor that causes lava to be viscous (thick, and sticky) is its silica content. Rhyolitic magmas, like those in Washington, have around 70 weight % silica. Basaltic magmas, like the volcanoes in Hawai'i, are around 45 wt% silica. Natrocarbonatite lava is less than 3% silica. Its flow rate is close to water, so it flows faster than you can outrun.
It's also a LOT less hot than other lavas. Most lavas are from 700-1200 degrees C (basaltic lavas in the higher range, rhyolitic lavas in the lower), but natrocarbonatite is around 500-600 degrees C. It's cool enough that you won't immediately die if you fall into it (you'll be hospitalized for months, as one man who fell into it was, but it's survivable). It's so cool that you can't see it glow in daylight.
It flows black and cools white! This is because of its content of the minerals nyerereite and gregoryite, which are unstable and break down quickly when exposed to humidity.
Basically it's cool as fuck literally and figuratively and I'm obsessed with it
Notes on cartography by American cartographer, Erwin Raisz (1893-1968). So neat and precise. This makes me want to draw maps.
I think these are all from Raisz’s 1962 book, PRINCIPLES OF CARTOGRAPHY.
“Most news outlets are only showing the blurry zoomed in picture of the black hole so I’m posting the entire zoomed-out image of the black hole and everything it is consuming. The tiny black spec in this image is 6.5 billion times the size of our sun. This thing is HUGE.” Dan Farr
Iceland: Landmannalaugar, Suðurland
Fluorite - Schacht 78 Mine, Frohnau, Annaberg, Saxony, Germany
growth of a seed
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