Starry-shores - No Frontiers

gocmnh

It’s Dunkleosteus, the Devonian Destroyer! This specimen was discovered right here in Cleveland.

Isn’t it kind of bananas that for most of human history we’ve been completely oblivious to how utterly environmentally tumultuous the planet has historically been? Before the advent of paleontology, conventional wisdom posited that the earth has more or less looked the same for as long as its been around, but soon enough naturalists like Georges Cuvier came along and said, “well it actually turns out that most of the organisms that have ever existed are actually no longer with us,” thereby introducing the entire concept of extinction to the human race?? Do you realize how coconuts that must have sounded back then?

Not only that, but the more we delved into paleontology the more it became apparent that the Earth has spent so much of its existence (about a billion years) being completely unsuitable and even hostile to life as we know it. A significant stretch of the cosmic timeline classifies our planet as being an oxygen-poor wasteland constantly pounded by asteroids and brimming with active super volcanoes. Even after life on Earth started to stretch out its stubby little amphibious legs we’ve had like five mass extinctions events almost completely fuck it all up (including one known as the Permian extinction which killed off no less than 70% of the planet’s land-based life and 96% of its sea critters). Can you recognize how rare and unlikely it is that out of all the downright catastrophic times any of us could have existed as unfortunate little trilobites or dimetrodons we actually get to exist as humans beings who can learn about this stuff with the help of a scientific discipline that effectively allows us to peer back into the reaches of the past?? Anyway, here’s wonderwall 

Venus and the Pleiades

Saturn and Dione - October 2 2011

NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI/Kevin M. Gill

Postcard by Charles R. Knight

So this is a new one.

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if you think the ocean now is a scary fuck then you haven’t seen the scary fuck that is the prehistoric ocean

so im watching the history channel on youtube (i could tell you so much on short nosed bears rn) but i just finished watching this thing called the mosasaur and its your pretty basic mega water dinosaur, 50 feet long, eel tail, sonar, doesn’t chew its food etc, but then it got dark

these shits were top predators, no competition whatsoever…..except from themselves. the narrator was saying that even though there was nothing to oppose them, they somehow continued to evolve into like fifty 50 different species of this mega predator. And its really cool because it started as a three foot lizard and in just 6 million years it became “the ultimate success story of evolution”. 

they had these weird funky teeth too. not only were they really big and strong like you’d expect but they had teeth in the roof of them mouth cuz they’d slide their dinner down their mouth like a conveyer belt. and since their so big you’d think wow how did no one see them? apparently sea creatures are frickin blind or something bc this megabeasty would just lie on the frickin bottom of the ocean and wait for something to swim up. then it would propel its ass up with this snaky tail and just boosh i ated you

but mosasaurs kept evolving even though they were literally the top predator. why is that?? that doesn’t happen in nature. turns out they were causing themselves to evolve. turns out they’re one of the only species (including humans) that naturally commits murder aka kills their own kind. they’ll bite each others heads until they can get a good grip then one of them snaps the neck. and they didn’t even eat the other guy. they did it. for. fun. (apparently they thrive on violence????)

and im over here going like wtf. but then it got worse. these scary ass motherfuckers began to go anywhere they pleased. they evolved even more and then moved into fresh water. like swamps and rivers. thats terrifying. NOTHING On eARth could stop them. 

Nothing on Earth ;) aka enter the extinction comet

BUT then I learned that even the bigass dino killing comet didn’t even kill the thing. They literally had to starve to death because all of their prey died out. NOPE not them. THey didn’t die out because they’re like dinosaur gods or some shit. EVERYTHING DIED BUT THEM

Ten interesting facts about Uranus

Like the classical planets, Uranus is visible to the naked eye, but it was never recognised as a planet by ancient observers because of its dimness and slow orbit. Sir William Herschel announced its discovery on 13 March 1781, expanding the known boundaries of the Solar System for the first time in history and making Uranus the first planet discovered with a telescope.

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System. Uranus is similar in composition to Neptune, and both have different bulk chemical composition from that of the larger gas giants Jupiter and Saturn.

(The five largest moons of Uranus) Like all of the giant planets, Uranus has its share of moons. At present, astronomers have confirmed the existence of 27 natural satellites. But for the most part, these moons are small and irregular. 

Uranus’ moons are named after characters created by William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. These include Oberon, Titania and Miranda.  All are frozen worlds with dark surfaces. Some are ice and rock mixtures.  The most interesting Uranian moon is Miranda; it has ice canyons, terraces, and other strange-looking surface areas.

Only one spacecraft in the history of spaceflight has ever made a close approach to Uranus. NASA’s Voyager 2 conducted its closest approach to Uranus on January 24th, 1986, passing within 81,000 km of the cloud tops of Uranus. It took thousands of photographs of the gas/ice giant and its moons before speeding off towards its next target: Neptune.

Uranus has rings: All the gas and ice giants have their own ring systems, and Uranus’ is the second most dramatic set of rings in the Solar System.

Uranus makes one trip around the Sun every 84 Earth years. During some parts of its orbit one or the other of its poles point directly at the Sun and get about 42 years of direct sunlight. The rest of the time they are in darkness.

All of the planets in the Solar System rotate on their axis, with a tilt that’s similar to the Sun. In many cases, planet’s have an axial tilt, where one of their poles will be inclined slightly towards the Sun. But the axial tilt of Uranus is a staggering 98 degrees! In other words, the planet is rotating on its side. 

Uranus is approximately 4 times the sizes of Earth and 63 times its volume.

Uranus is blue-green in color, the result of methane in its mostly hydrogen-helium atmosphere. The planet is often dubbed an ice giant, since 80 percent or more of its mass is made up of a fluid mix of water, methane, and ammonia ices.

Uranus hits the coldest temperatures of any planet. With minimum atmospheric temperature of -224°C Uranus is nearly coldest planet in the solar system. While Neptune doesn’t get as cold as Uranus it is on average colder. The upper atmosphere of Uranus is covered by a methane haze which hides the storms that take place in the cloud decks.

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Images credit: NASA/ wikipedia

Masterpieces of Mesozoic Seas