“The Herd On The Move”—William Jacob Hays.

do eastern hognoses get attacked by toads a lot? them being immune to their poison seems really specific

Quite the opposite! Many toads secrete toxins to avoid being eaten (most animals don't like eating poisonous food).

However, because they really like eating toads, hognose snakes have evolved specifically to be immune to those toxins. There are many examples of this kind of co-evolution in the animal kingdom (another common one are garter snakes and salamanders).

A Chart of Various Cephalopod Orders

THIS OCTOPUS IS HAVING A NIGHTMARE, SCIENTISTS BELIEVE.

Sleep is a fundamental biological function present in all vertebrates and most invertebrates. Octopuses are really complex animals, displaying active and inactive sleep states similar to those of vertebrates. In particular, octopuses have active sleep states during which they display sequences of camouflage patterns, while remaining relatively quiet and unresponsive to external stimuli. Some scientists have speculated that these states could be analogous to dreaming in mammals.

Now, researchers have recorder what is believing an octopuses having nightmare. During a month, researchers recorded a male Brazilian reef octopus (Octopus insularis), and they detected four brief episodes were identified during which the octopus abruptly emerged from sleep, detached itself from its sleep position, and engaged in antipredator behaviors, despite no predator was present. The longest of these episodes resembled the species-typical response to a predatory attack, suggesting that the animal may have been responding to a negative episodic memory while sleeping.

However, these are just conjectures, as it is hard to be sure, according to scientists, who claim that more studies are needed to ensure that they really are nightmares.

Gif from video: Eric Ramos et al

Reference:  Ramos et al., 2023. Abnormal behavioral episodes associated with sleep and quiescence in Octopus insularis: Possible nightmares in a cephalopod?. bioRxiv.

video can be seen here

Fast Fauna Facts #3 - Winged Argonaut (Argonauta hians)

Family: Argonaut Family (Argonautidae)

IUCN Conservation Status: Least Concern

Like the other small octopuses in the argonaut family many Winged Argonauts appear to have spiral-shaped external shells similar to those of nautiluses or ammonites, but this isn't quite the case - what appears to be an argonaut's shell is only seen in adult females, and is actually a thin-walled, calcium-based case secreted from and held by a specialised pair of arms in order to carry fertilized eggs until they hatch. Found in non-polar waters worldwide, Winged Argonauts are found mainly near the surface in the open ocean (in contrast to most octopuses, which are bottom-dwellers,) feeding on small floating invertebrates and often using their suction cups to cling to flotsam or larger animals (sometimes including other argonauts) for protection; when faced with a predator, they may attempt to position the animal they're riding on between them and the perceived threat to act as a meat shield.

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Image Source: Here

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phys.org

New 'chiral vortex' of light allows chemists to 'see' molecules through the mirror

An entirely new structure of light is helping to measure chirality in molecules more accurately and robustly than ever before, in a major po

An entirely new structure of light is helping to measure chirality in molecules more accurately and robustly than ever before, in a major potential step for the pharmaceutical industry. Published in Nature Photonics, a team from King's College London and the Max Born Institute have created an entirely new structure of light that traces out a chiral curve over time. This chiral curve has different shapes at different points in space, forming a vortex structure. By interacting with chiral particles it moves through over time, the new "chiral vortex" provides an accurate and robust form of measurement.

Continue Reading.

DRAG CRAB DRAG CRAB DRAG CRAB

look at the shape range of crabs. yeti crab vs atlantic mole crab vs japanese spider crab

i am in awe!!!!

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